Organs of the Government
Daigram
Legislature
Legislature is an organ which deals with the enactment of law. In India we follow the concept of bicameral legislature, both at the union and state level. However in states only six states have the second house i.e. at union level we have Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and at state level we have Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council. Legislative Council is present only in Telangana, UP, Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra, and Karnataka. Those states have unicameral legislature that is only Legislative Assembly.
The Government at the Central Level is formed on the confidence of Lok Sabha whereas the Government at the State Level is formed at the confidence of Legislative Assembly. Rajya Sabha, because of its power, is considered to be the second house whereas Legislative Council is considered to be the secondary house as Legislative Assembly can override most of the decisions upon Legislative Council.
Daigram
Executive
Executive deals with the implementation of law. It is considered to be responsible towards the legislative because it is choosing between responsibility and stability. We have adopted a responsible system because of our bitter experience in our past. We wanted a system which is more answerable and more accountable.
At the Union level and state level we have President and Governor respectively, which are nominal executive or called de jure executive, whereas PM and CM respectively are called as de facto executive or the real executive. President of India is considered to be the head of state whereas the governor is considered as the head of the state in the state. PM and CM respectively are considered head of the government at the Union and state levels.
Judiciary
Judiciary days with the interpretation of the law, ensure administration of Justice in India. Jujutsu can be compared to an empire of a cricket game, which ensures that all the players are playing as per the rule of the constitution. If a law has been made or any action has been taken by the legislator or executive, respectively, which is not in the letter and spirit of the constitution (basic structure). The law and action would be declared invalid and unconstitutional.
Therefore, we can say the judiciary can be regarded as the guardian of the Indian Constitution. In India, we follow the concept of an integrated judiciary rather than a dual judiciary. Integrated judiciary means that state matters can also be executed by the Supreme Court, and central union laws can be interpreted by the High Court in the interest of justice. There is no segregation at the Union level. We have Supreme Court. We have High Court. Below High Courts we have Subordinate Courts, which are called District Courts.
Separation of Power
The concept of separation of power was given by Aristotle in his work politics later Montesu applied this concept in the perceived British system, having British Monarchs, Parliamentary Houses, and Judiciary as suggested. The concept of Separation of Powers means that the legislative, executive, and judiciary functions of government are divided among separate independent they would be entailing separate functions. The objectives of separation of power are as follows:
- It aims to eliminate totalitarianism, arbitrariness, and tyranny and therefore it aims to prevent misuse of power.
- It makes all the branches accountable to themselves.
- It allows individual branches to perform specialized tasks thereby ensuring efficiency.